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Have you heard of the Jim Crow Laws?
Today we learn about
the Blues which was first invented
during the Jim Crow Era by poor black
people.
In the beginning, the Blues was a music performed by poor African Americans for audiences of poor African Americans, and a reflection of their common experiences in the Jim Crow South. The Blues were one of the few forums through which poor, rural African Americans of the late 19th and early 20th centuries could articulate their experiences, attitudes, and emotions. They made music about heartbreak, about the challenges of their lives as sharecroppers, about the relentless Mississippi River floods, about the harsh mastery of white landowners.
This lesson focuses on the music through which those hardships were expressed and on the daily lives of southern blacks in the sharecropping era. It is structured around an imagined road trip through Mississippi. Students will “stop” in two places: Yazoo City, where they will learn about the sorts of natural disasters that periodically devastated already-struggling poor southerners, and Hillhouse, where they will learn about the institution of sharecropping. They will study a particular Country Blues song at each “stop” and examine it as a window onto the socioeconomic conditions of the people who created it. Students will create a scrapbook of their journey, in which they will record and analyze what they have learned about the difficulty of eking out a living in the age of sharecropping.
Read this text and answer questions below:
Answer on your own paper, individually.....
Writing: What were the Jim Crow Laws and how did they influence the Blues?
The Jim Crow Laws were
created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white
population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for
an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim
Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or
segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name
only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally
in 1876, at least. - See more at:
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do the Country Blues
reflect the challenges of sharecropping, racial injustice, and rural
poverty in early 20th-century African-American life?
OVERVIEW
“As I began to get into the history of the music,” writes Amiri Baraka (writing under the name LeRoi Jones) in his book Blues People, “I found that this was impossible without, at the same time, getting deeper into the history of the people. [The Blues] was the history of the Afro-American people as text, as tale, as story, as exposition, narrative… the music was the score, the actually expressed creative orchestration, reflection, of Afro-American life.”In the beginning, the Blues was a music performed by poor African Americans for audiences of poor African Americans, and a reflection of their common experiences in the Jim Crow South. The Blues were one of the few forums through which poor, rural African Americans of the late 19th and early 20th centuries could articulate their experiences, attitudes, and emotions. They made music about heartbreak, about the challenges of their lives as sharecroppers, about the relentless Mississippi River floods, about the harsh mastery of white landowners.
This lesson focuses on the music through which those hardships were expressed and on the daily lives of southern blacks in the sharecropping era. It is structured around an imagined road trip through Mississippi. Students will “stop” in two places: Yazoo City, where they will learn about the sorts of natural disasters that periodically devastated already-struggling poor southerners, and Hillhouse, where they will learn about the institution of sharecropping. They will study a particular Country Blues song at each “stop” and examine it as a window onto the socioeconomic conditions of the people who created it. Students will create a scrapbook of their journey, in which they will record and analyze what they have learned about the difficulty of eking out a living in the age of sharecropping.
Bill Tatnall in Frederica, Georgia, 1935 | Credit: Alan Lomax
Read this text and answer questions below:
"[The Blues] was the history of the
Afro-American people as text, as tale, as story, as exposition, narrative...
the music was the score, the actually expressed creative orchestration,
reflection, of Afro-American life."
1)
Discuss in your groups:
What does Baraka mean in this quote?
How does
Howlin' Wolf embody this?
How would you put Baraka's ideas into your
own words?
Does “Bridging the Gap” support Baraka’s thesis?
What
specific examples can you identify?
Answer on your own paper, individually.....
Writing: What were the Jim Crow Laws and how did they influence the Blues?
The Jim Crow Laws were
created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white
population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for
an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim
Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or
segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name
only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally
in 1876, at least. - See more at:
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
The Jim Crow Laws were
created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white
population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for
an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim
Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or
segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name
only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally
in 1876, at least. - See more at:
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
The Jim Crow Laws were
created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white
population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for
an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim
Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or
segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name
only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally
in 1876, at least. - See more at:
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
The Jim Crow laws – a brief summary
The Jim Crow Laws were created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally in 1876, at least.
OriginsThe origin of Jim Crow goes back to the 1820s and is credited to a song-and-dance man, Thomas Dartmouth ‘Daddy’ Rice. He implied that he had seen a limping black slave singing the following verse:
‘Come listen all you galls and boys
I’m going to sing a song
My names is Jim Crow
Weel about and turn around and do jis so,
Eb’ry time I weel about and jump Jim Crow.’
In
1828 Rice was the first man to blacken his face, dress as a plantation
slave and perform such a routine, using his own compositions. As he
gained fame he expanded his repertoire and gradually penned forty-four
verses, most of them extremely insensitive. Indeed, his mockery of
black people grew to the extent that his derogatory Jim Crow verses
helped deepen the gulf between black and white communities. In 1838,
the Southern States passed various laws of racial segregation, focused
against the black sectors. By the turn of the century those laws were
called the Jim Crow laws, both north and south.Segregation
Between the 1880s and the 1960s the laws expanded. Many cities and states were able to impose legal punishments on people, for example, on those who were deemed to be consorting with or marrying with other races.
In the southern states, in particular, the authorities were extremely strict. In white hospitals for example, only white nurses could tend white patients. There were different sectors for whites and blacks: trains, buses, restaurants, schools, mental hospitals, parks, cemeteries, and many more.
Early attempts
In
1875 an attempt to revert the Jim Crow laws to give black people equal
rights as the whites in the southern states was passed but had very
little effect. In 1883 the Supreme Court repealed the 1875 act as it was
deemed unconstitutional. In essence, Congress wanted complete control
over corporations and people in the private spheres of the Southern
States. Since Congress consisted primary of whites; they had the power
to rebuff any prospective changes in the Jim Crow laws, and did so again
in 1892 and 1908.The Jim Crow laws were finally abolished on 2 July 1964 when President Lyndon Johnson historically signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It invoked the commerce clause, outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. The Voting Rights Act followed in 1965; effectively giving black people the vote.
Stella Milner
See also Stella’s article on the Rev Ralph Abernathy.
- See more at: http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
The Jim Crow Laws were
created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white
population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for
an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim
Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or
segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name
only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally
in 1876, at least. - See more at:
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or
The Jim Crow Laws were
created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white
population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for
an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim
Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or
segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name
only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally
in 1876, at least. - See more at:
http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
The Jim Crow laws – a brief summary
The Jim Crow Laws were created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally in 1876, at least.
OriginsThe origin of Jim Crow goes back to the 1820s and is credited to a song-and-dance man, Thomas Dartmouth ‘Daddy’ Rice. He implied that he had seen a limping black slave singing the following verse:
‘Come listen all you galls and boys
I’m going to sing a song
My names is Jim Crow
Weel about and turn around and do jis so,
Eb’ry time I weel about and jump Jim Crow.’
In
1828 Rice was the first man to blacken his face, dress as a plantation
slave and perform such a routine, using his own compositions. As he
gained fame he expanded his repertoire and gradually penned forty-four
verses, most of them extremely insensitive. Indeed, his mockery of
black people grew to the extent that his derogatory Jim Crow verses
helped deepen the gulf between black and white communities. In 1838,
the Southern States passed various laws of racial segregation, focused
against the black sectors. By the turn of the century those laws were
called the Jim Crow laws, both north and south.Segregation
Between the 1880s and the 1960s the laws expanded. Many cities and states were able to impose legal punishments on people, for example, on those who were deemed to be consorting with or marrying with other races.
In the southern states, in particular, the authorities were extremely strict. In white hospitals for example, only white nurses could tend white patients. There were different sectors for whites and blacks: trains, buses, restaurants, schools, mental hospitals, parks, cemeteries, and many more.
Early attempts
In
1875 an attempt to revert the Jim Crow laws to give black people equal
rights as the whites in the southern states was passed but had very
little effect. In 1883 the Supreme Court repealed the 1875 act as it was
deemed unconstitutional. In essence, Congress wanted complete control
over corporations and people in the private spheres of the Southern
States. Since Congress consisted primary of whites; they had the power
to rebuff any prospective changes in the Jim Crow laws, and did so again
in 1892 and 1908.The Jim Crow laws were finally abolished on 2 July 1964 when President Lyndon Johnson historically signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It invoked the commerce clause, outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. The Voting Rights Act followed in 1965; effectively giving black people the vote.
Stella Milner
The Jim Crow laws – a brief summary
The Jim Crow Laws were created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally in 1876, at least.
OriginsThe origin of Jim Crow goes back to the 1820s and is credited to a song-and-dance man, Thomas Dartmouth ‘Daddy’ Rice. He implied that he had seen a limping black slave singing the following verse:
‘Come listen all you galls and boys
I’m going to sing a song
My names is Jim Crow
Weel about and turn around and do jis so,
Eb’ry time I weel about and jump Jim Crow.’
In
1828 Rice was the first man to blacken his face, dress as a plantation
slave and perform such a routine, using his own compositions. As he
gained fame he expanded his repertoire and gradually penned forty-four
verses, most of them extremely insensitive. Indeed, his mockery of
black people grew to the extent that his derogatory Jim Crow verses
helped deepen the gulf between black and white communities. In 1838,
the Southern States passed various laws of racial segregation, focused
against the black sectors. By the turn of the century those laws were
called the Jim Crow laws, both north and south.Segregation
Between the 1880s and the 1960s the laws expanded. Many cities and states were able to impose legal punishments on people, for example, on those who were deemed to be consorting with or marrying with other races.
In the southern states, in particular, the authorities were extremely strict. In white hospitals for example, only white nurses could tend white patients. There were different sectors for whites and blacks: trains, buses, restaurants, schools, mental hospitals, parks, cemeteries, and many more.
Early attempts
In
1875 an attempt to revert the Jim Crow laws to give black people equal
rights as the whites in the southern states was passed but had very
little effect. In 1883 the Supreme Court repealed the 1875 act as it was
deemed unconstitutional. In essence, Congress wanted complete control
over corporations and people in the private spheres of the Southern
States. Since Congress consisted primary of whites; they had the power
to rebuff any prospective changes in the Jim Crow laws, and did so again
in 1892 and 1908.The Jim Crow laws were finally abolished on 2 July 1964 when President Lyndon Johnson historically signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It invoked the commerce clause, outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. The Voting Rights Act followed in 1965; effectively giving black people the vote.
Stella Milner
The Jim Crow laws – a brief summary
The Jim Crow Laws were created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally in 1876, at least.
OriginsThe origin of Jim Crow goes back to the 1820s and is credited to a song-and-dance man, Thomas Dartmouth ‘Daddy’ Rice. He implied that he had seen a limping black slave singing the following verse:
‘Come listen all you galls and boys
I’m going to sing a song
My names is Jim Crow
Weel about and turn around and do jis so,
Eb’ry time I weel about and jump Jim Crow.’
In
1828 Rice was the first man to blacken his face, dress as a plantation
slave and perform such a routine, using his own compositions. As he
gained fame he expanded his repertoire and gradually penned forty-four
verses, most of them extremely insensitive. Indeed, his mockery of
black people grew to the extent that his derogatory Jim Crow verses
helped deepen the gulf between black and white communities. In 1838,
the Southern States passed various laws of racial segregation, focused
against the black sectors. By the turn of the century those laws were
called the Jim Crow laws, both north and south.Segregation
Between the 1880s and the 1960s the laws expanded. Many cities and states were able to impose legal punishments on people, for example, on those who were deemed to be consorting with or marrying with other races.
In the southern states, in particular, the authorities were extremely strict. In white hospitals for example, only white nurses could tend white patients. There were different sectors for whites and blacks: trains, buses, restaurants, schools, mental hospitals, parks, cemeteries, and many more.
Early attempts
In
1875 an attempt to revert the Jim Crow laws to give black people equal
rights as the whites in the southern states was passed but had very
little effect. In 1883 the Supreme Court repealed the 1875 act as it was
deemed unconstitutional. In essence, Congress wanted complete control
over corporations and people in the private spheres of the Southern
States. Since Congress consisted primary of whites; they had the power
to rebuff any prospective changes in the Jim Crow laws, and did so again
in 1892 and 1908.The Jim Crow laws were finally abolished on 2 July 1964 when President Lyndon Johnson historically signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It invoked the commerce clause, outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. The Voting Rights Act followed in 1965; effectively giving black people the vote.
Stella Milner
See also Stella’s article on the Rev Ralph Abernathy.
- See more at: http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
The Jim Crow laws – a brief summary
The Jim Crow Laws were created in 1876 simply to segregate black people from the white population. Some English Dictionaries define ‘Jim Crow’ as the name for an implement that can straighten or bend iron rails; or, along with ‘Jim Crowism’, systems or practices of racial discrimination or segregation. The American English Dictionary suggests that the name only emerged in dictionaries in 1904, but it was clearly used generally in 1876, at least.
OriginsThe origin of Jim Crow goes back to the 1820s and is credited to a song-and-dance man, Thomas Dartmouth ‘Daddy’ Rice. He implied that he had seen a limping black slave singing the following verse:
‘Come listen all you galls and boys
I’m going to sing a song
My names is Jim Crow
Weel about and turn around and do jis so,
Eb’ry time I weel about and jump Jim Crow.’
In
1828 Rice was the first man to blacken his face, dress as a plantation
slave and perform such a routine, using his own compositions. As he
gained fame he expanded his repertoire and gradually penned forty-four
verses, most of them extremely insensitive. Indeed, his mockery of
black people grew to the extent that his derogatory Jim Crow verses
helped deepen the gulf between black and white communities. In 1838,
the Southern States passed various laws of racial segregation, focused
against the black sectors. By the turn of the century those laws were
called the Jim Crow laws, both north and south.Segregation
Between the 1880s and the 1960s the laws expanded. Many cities and states were able to impose legal punishments on people, for example, on those who were deemed to be consorting with or marrying with other races.
In the southern states, in particular, the authorities were extremely strict. In white hospitals for example, only white nurses could tend white patients. There were different sectors for whites and blacks: trains, buses, restaurants, schools, mental hospitals, parks, cemeteries, and many more.
Early attempts
In
1875 an attempt to revert the Jim Crow laws to give black people equal
rights as the whites in the southern states was passed but had very
little effect. In 1883 the Supreme Court repealed the 1875 act as it was
deemed unconstitutional. In essence, Congress wanted complete control
over corporations and people in the private spheres of the Southern
States. Since Congress consisted primary of whites; they had the power
to rebuff any prospective changes in the Jim Crow laws, and did so again
in 1892 and 1908.The Jim Crow laws were finally abolished on 2 July 1964 when President Lyndon Johnson historically signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It invoked the commerce clause, outlawing discrimination in public accommodations. The Voting Rights Act followed in 1965; effectively giving black people the vote.
Stella Milner
See also Stella’s article on the Rev Ralph Abernathy.
- See more at: http://www.historyinanhour.com/2013/09/23/the-jim-crow-laws-brief-summary/#sthash.K5Or4Ol7.dpuf
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